How do Patient Characteristics Influence Informal Payments for Inpatient and Outpatient Healthcare in Albania
نویسنده
چکیده
The 'watch dog' role of the media, the impact of migration processes, health care access for children in developing countries, mitigation of the effects of Global Warming are typical examples of governance issues – issues to be tackled at the base; issues to be solved by creating and implementing effective policy. prepares students to pave the road for innovative policy developments in Europe and the world today. Our master's and PhD programmes train you in analysing, monitoring and evaluating public policy in order to strengthen democratic governance in domestic and international organisations. The School carefully crafts its training activities to give national and international organisations, scholars and professionals the tools needed to harness the strengths of changing organisations and solve today' s challenges, and more importantly, the ones of tomorrow. Abstract Informal payments for health care are common in most former communist countries. Causes of such payments are mostly related to the former ' Shemasko' systems and inefficiencies in provision of health care. This paper explores the demand side aspects of informal payments in a transition country like Albania. By using data from Living Standard Measurement Survey 2005 we control for individual characteristics determinants of informal payments in inpatient and outpatient health care. Using multivariate methods (OLS and probit) we test three main hypotheses explaining informal payments in the country; cultural, economic and governance. We find clear evidence suggesting that there are differences between determinants of informal payments in in-patient and outpatient care. Generally our results show that informal payments are dependent on certain characteristics of patients, including age, education and health status. However, they are not dependent on level of incomes, suggesting for homogeneity of payments across income categories. Results support governance and economic hypotheses compared to the cultural one.
منابع مشابه
How do patient characteristics influence informal payments for inpatient and outpatient health care in Albania: Results of logit and OLS models using Albanian LSMS 2005
BACKGROUND Informal payments for health care are common in most former communist countries. This paper explores the demand side of these payments in Albania. By using data from the Living Standard Measurement Survey 2005 we control for individual determinants of informal payments in inpatient and outpatient health care. We use these results to explain the main factors contributing to the occurr...
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